Among the following, which disease is associated with recurrent granuloma formation?

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is associated with recurrent granuloma formation due to its underlying pathophysiology. This genetic disorder impairs the innate immune system, particularly the function of phagocytes, which are crucial for combating certain bacterial and fungal infections. When these immune cells fail to produce reactive oxygen species effectively, they struggle to eliminate pathogens, leading to persistent inflammation and the formation of granulomas. Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages and other immune cells that form in response to chronic infection or inflammation, aiming to isolate and wall off substances that the immune system cannot effectively eliminate.

In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and multiple sclerosis do not primarily cause recurrent granuloma formation. While these diseases involve inflammatory processes and immune dysregulation, their mechanisms and clinical manifestations differ significantly from those of CGD. Thus, the recurrent granuloma formation is a hallmark of Chronic Granulomatous Disease, making it the correct choice among the options provided.