Hybridomas are created by combining which types of cells?

Hybridomas are formed by the fusion of two specific types of cells: immunized B lymphocytes (often obtained from immunized mice) that produce antibodies and myeloma cells that are unable to produce antibodies due to a mutation, typically involving the loss of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). This combination allows for the mass production of a single type of antibody, known as monoclonal antibodies.

The immunized B lymphocytes specifically produce antibodies against a particular antigen, while myeloma cells provide a continuous growth capability. By fusing these two cell types, a hybrid cell—known as a hybridoma—is created. This hybridoma can then be cultured to produce large quantities of the desired monoclonal antibody.

Other options, while they may contain components that are interesting in their own right, do not accurately describe the hybridoma creation process. For instance, stem cells and somatic cells do not lead to the development of hybridomas, and the combination of human lymphocytes and cancer cells does not specify the necessary link to the production of monoclonal antibodies, as the typical hybridoma is derived from mouse cells. The fusion of bacterial cells and yeast cells would not yield the