What major allergens are involved in Betula (birch) pollen?

The major allergens associated with Betula (birch) pollen are Bet v 1 and Bet v 2. Bet v 1 is the principal allergen found in birch pollen and is a pathogenesis-related protein that is recognized by many individuals with birch pollen allergy. Bet v 2, on the other hand, is a minor allergen that has cross-reactivity with certain food proteins, most notably those found in apples and hazelnuts.

Understanding the significance of these allergens is vital for diagnosing and managing allergic reactions linked to birch pollen, especially since individuals sensitized to birch pollen may also experience cross-reactive food allergies, termed oral allergy syndrome.

The other options mentioned include allergens that are either less significant in birch pollen or not specifically recognized as major allergens associated with it. Identifying these key allergens allows for improved patient education and potential therapeutic strategies, including avoidance of cross-reactive foods during birch pollen season.