What type of diseases can FISH technology help to identify?

FISH technology, or Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, is a powerful method used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It is particularly useful in identifying genetic disorders that are associated with abnormalities in chromosome number or structure. Prader-Willi syndrome and Down syndrome are both genetic conditions linked to chromosomal abnormalities.

Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by the deletion of a segment of chromosome 15, while Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, results from an extra copy of chromosome 21. FISH technology allows for the visualization of these chromosomal abnormalities by using fluorescently labeled probes that bind to specific regions of the chromosomes, making it easier to identify such genetic syndromes.

Other choices, such as viral, respiratory, or infectious diseases, are typically diagnosed through different methods that focus on pathogens or their effects rather than genetic abnormalities. Thus, the ability of FISH technology to specifically target and visualize chromosomal defects makes it invaluable for diagnosing conditions like Prader-Willi syndrome and Down syndrome.