Which HLA types are critical for histocompatibility matching in transplants?

The correct answer identifies a set of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types that are essential for histocompatibility matching in transplantation. HLA molecules are critical in the immune response and play a significant role in determining compatibility between donors and recipients.

The HLA A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 types mentioned in the correct answer encompass both class I and class II HLA molecules. Class I molecules (HLA A, B, and C) are present on nearly all nucleated cells and are involved in presenting endogenous antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Class II molecules (HLA DRB1 and DQB1) are primarily found on professional antigen-presenting cells and interact with CD4+ T helper cells.

In transplantation, the matching of these HLA types is crucial because mismatches can lead to acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs. A robust match in these five specific HLA types increases the likelihood of transplant acceptance and improves patient outcomes.

The other options do not accurately represent the critical markers needed for effective histocompatibility matching. For instance, options that list inappropriate or incomplete sets of HLA types may overlook important specificities necessary for successful transplantation. Recognizing the