Which monoclonal antibody is known for decreasing high-affinity IgE receptors on basophils?

Omalizumab is effectively used for its ability to decrease the number of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) on basophils and other immune cells. This action is critical in managing allergic conditions, particularly asthma and chronic urticaria. Omalizumab works by binding to free IgE in circulation, preventing it from binding to its receptors on basophils and mast cells. This reduction in receptor expression leads to a decrease in the activation of these cells in response to allergens, ultimately resulting in a diminished allergic response.

In contrast, the other monoclonal antibodies listed serve different therapeutic purposes. Rituximab is mainly used to target CD20 on B cells, particularly in certain malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Eculizumab is a complement inhibitor used to treat conditions like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Adalimumab targets TNF-alpha and is utilized in various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Each of these antibodies has a distinct mechanism of action that does not focus on IgE or its receptors.